Emergence of a Habitable Planet

We address the first several hundred million years of Earth’s history. The Moon-forming impact left Earth enveloped in a hot silicate atmosphere that cooled and condensed over ∼1,000 yrs. As it cooled the Earth degassed its volatiles into the atmosphere. It took another ∼2 Myrs for the magma ocean to freeze at the surface. The cooling rate was determined by atmospheric thermal blanketing. Tidal heating by the new Moon was a major energy source to the magma ocean. After the mantle solidified geothermal heat became climatologically insignificant, which allowed the steam atmosphere to condense, and left behind a ∼100 bar, ∼500 K CO₂ atmosphere. Thereafter cooling was governed by how quickly CO₂ was removed from the atmosphere. If subduction were efficient this could have taken as little as 10 million years. In this case the faint young Sun suggests that a lifeless Earth should have been cold and its oceans white with ice. But if carbonate subduction were inefficient the CO₂ would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, which would have kept the surface near ∼500 K for many tens of millions of years. Hydrous minerals are harder to subduct than carbonates and there is a good chance that the Hadean mantle was dry. Hadean heat flow was locally high enough to ensure that any ice cover would have been thin (<5 m) in places. Moreover hundreds or thousands of asteroid impacts would have been big enough to melt the ice triggering brief impact summers. We suggest that plate tectonics as it works now was inadequate to handle typical Hadean heat flows of 0.2–0.5 W/m². In its place we hypothesize a convecting mantle capped by a ∼100 km deep basaltic mush that was relatively permeable to heat flow. Recycling and distillation of hydrous basalts produced granitic rocks very early, which is consistent with preserved >4 Ga detrital zircons. If carbonates in oceanic crust subducted as quickly as they formed, Earth could have been habitable as early as 10–20 Myrs after the Moon-forming impact.     

企业经济效益综合评价与分级管理方法

本文针对财政部设计的企业经济效益评价指标体系，用多目标优化方法的思想对其进行优化处理，并且数理统计方法将各指标值折算成分数以符合人们的习惯；同时，用数理分析等方法将所得的评价序列进行分级归类管理。     

Modelling of Ejecta as a Space Debris Source

When a micro-debris or a micrometeoroid impacts a spacecraft surface, a large number of secondary particles, called ejecta, are produced. These particles can contribute to a modification of the debris environment: either locally by the occurrence of secondary impacts on the components of complex and large space structures, or at great distance by the formation of a population of small orbital debris. This paper describes firstly, the ejecta overall production, and secondly, the lifetime and the orbital evolution of the particles. Finally the repartition of ejecta in LEO is computed. Some results describing the population as a function of size and altitude are presented.     

大型真空热试验中的摄像观察技术

为完成在大型真空热试验中对飞船表面及舷窗的摄像观察提出了实施方案,分析并解决了普通摄像设备在真空—低温下使用的关键的技术问题,满足了试验要求.     

大型空间模拟器真空测量的自动化

介绍了大型空间模拟器真空测量自动化的实施和特点,以及真空度的描述方法,对真空测量自动化的进一步发展提出了设想。     

扩压器-水泵内非稳定流动研究

水泵内部流动实质上是复杂的三维非稳定流动 ,它对水泵性能及结构振动有重要影响。本文介绍了一种求解这种复杂内流动的数值方法。三维雷诺数平均的纳维斯托克斯方程 ( 3-DReynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS)以及标准 k-ε的方程用于描述水泵内非定常紊流流场。系统特性方程与水泵的 CFD模型相结合以考虑流体在管道中的加速 ;采用任意滑移网格界面模拟叶轮和静止部件之间的相互干涉 ;将整个叶轮作为分析对象 ,以考虑失速情况下流动的周向非对称。这些技术的结合包括了水泵内非稳定流动的物理实质。一台实验数据比较齐全的离心式 -扩压器水泵被用于验证所提出的数值方法     

低空突防任务下综合飞行/推进系统的建模与仿真

建立了综合飞行／推进系统的数学模型，介绍了飞机全维非线性数学模型和涡轮风扇发动机非线性部件级数学模型的建模及综合方法。对飞机执行地形中随任务时，飞行员调节飞行速度的方法与基于总能量的调节飞行速度的方法进行了比较。结果表明，基于总能量的方法比飞行员直接控制飞行速度能够减小发动机的燃油消耗，降低发动机的磨损，进而可以增加飞机的航程，延长发动机的使用寿命。     

FY—1C卫星姿态控制系统

针对FY－1C卫星姿态控制系统，给出了系统方案、系统设计、系统特点和飞行试验的结果；对一些新的技术设计和新颖特殊的方案特点，从理论分析和技术实现给出了设计思路和工程实现的方法；分析了FY－1C卫星姿态控制系统在轨运行的结果；对长寿命、低成本和稳定连续运行的工程实现进行了研究；给出了FY－1C卫星姿态控制系统的水平能力和应用发展方向。     

数字人感系统的研究

随着飞机模拟器技术的发展,电机伺服系统在人感系统中也得到了广泛的应用。本文着重讨论 了以DSP芯片为核心的数字人感系统组成和工作原理,并分析了系统的特点及功能。     

高校后勤社会化改革中有关财务管理问题的研究

运用现代财务管理知识结合我国高校后勤的特点，就高校后勤社会化改革中涉及到的有关配套政策措施和财务管理问题进行了深入分析研究。